======================================================================== * gdb README ======================================================================== README for GNU development tools This directory contains various GNU compilers, assemblers, linkers, debuggers, etc., plus their support routines, definitions, and documentation. If you are receiving this as part of a GDB release, see the file gdb/README. If with a binutils release, see binutils/README; if with a libg++ release, see libg++/README, etc. That'll give you info about this package -- supported targets, how to use it, how to report bugs, etc. It is now possible to automatically configure and build a variety of tools with one command. To build all of the tools contained herein, run the ``configure'' script here, e.g.: ./configure make To install them (by default in /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/lib, etc), then do: make install (If the configure script can't determine your type of computer, give it the name as an argument, for instance ``./configure sun4''. You can use the script ``config.sub'' to test whether a name is recognized; if it is, config.sub translates it to a triplet specifying CPU, vendor, and OS.) If you have more than one compiler on your system, it is often best to explicitly set CC in the environment before running configure, and to also set CC when running make. For example (assuming sh/bash/ksh): CC=gcc ./configure make A similar example using csh: setenv CC gcc ./configure make Much of the code and documentation enclosed is copyright by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. See the file COPYING or COPYING.LIB in the various directories, for a description of the GNU General Public License terms under which you can copy the files. REPORTING BUGS: Again, see gdb/README, binutils/README, etc., for info on where and how to report problems. ======================================================================== * gdb bfd/README ======================================================================== BFD is an object file library. It permits applications to use the same routines to process object files regardless of their format. BFD is used by the GNU debugger, assembler, linker, and the binary utilities. The documentation on using BFD is scanty and may be occasionally incorrect. Pointers to documentation problems, or an entirely rewritten manual, would be appreciated. There is some BFD internals documentation in doc/bfdint.texi which may help programmers who want to modify BFD. BFD is normally built as part of another package. See the build instructions for that package, probably in a README file in the appropriate directory. BFD supports the following configure options: --target=TARGET The default target for which to build the library. TARGET is a configuration target triplet, such as sparc-sun-solaris. --enable-targets=TARGET,TARGET,TARGET... Additional targets the library should support. To include support for all known targets, use --enable-targets=all. --enable-64-bit-bfd Include support for 64 bit targets. This is automatically turned on if you explicitly request a 64 bit target, but not for --enable-targets=all. This requires a compiler with a 64 bit integer type, such as gcc. --enable-shared Build BFD as a shared library. --with-mmap Use mmap when accessing files. This is faster on some hosts, but slower on others. It may not work on all hosts. Report bugs with BFD to bug-binutils@gnu.org. Patches are encouraged. When sending patches, always send the output of diff -u or diff -c from the original file to the new file. Do not send default diff output. Do not make the diff from the new file to the original file. Remember that any patch must not break other systems. Remember that BFD must support cross compilation from any host to any target, so patches which use ``#ifdef HOST'' are not acceptable. Please also read the ``Reporting Bugs'' section of the gcc manual. Bug reports without patches will be remembered, but they may never get fixed until somebody volunteers to fix them. Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice and this notice are preserved. ======================================================================== * gdb gdb/README ======================================================================== README for GDB release This is GDB, the GNU source-level debugger. A summary of new features is in the file `gdb/NEWS'. Check the GDB home page at http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/ for up to date release information, mailing list links and archives, etc. The file `gdb/PROBLEMS' contains information on problems identified late in the release cycle. GDB's bug tracking data base at http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/ contains a more complete list of bugs. Unpacking and Installation -- quick overview ========================== The release is provided as a gzipped tar file called 'gdb-VERSION.tar.gz', where VERSION is the version of GDB. The GDB debugger sources, the generic GNU include files, the BFD ("binary file description") library, the readline library, and other libraries all have directories of their own underneath the gdb-VERSION directory. The idea is that a variety of GNU tools can share a common copy of these things. Be aware of variation over time--for example don't try to build GDB with a copy of bfd from a release other than the GDB release (such as a binutils release), especially if the releases are more than a few weeks apart. Configuration scripts and makefiles exist to cruise up and down this directory tree and automatically build all the pieces in the right order. When you unpack the gdb-VERSION.tar.gz file, it will create a source directory called `gdb-VERSION'. You can build GDB right in the source directory: cd gdb-VERSION ./configure make cp gdb/gdb /usr/local/bin/gdb (or wherever you want) However, we recommend that an empty directory be used instead. This way you do not clutter your source tree with binary files and will be able to create different builds with different configuration options. You can build GDB in any empty build directory: mkdir build cd build /gdb-VERSION/configure make cp gdb/gdb /usr/local/bin/gdb (or wherever you want) (Building GDB with DJGPP tools for MS-DOS/MS-Windows is slightly different; see the file gdb-VERSION/gdb/config/djgpp/README for details.) This will configure and build all the libraries as well as GDB. If `configure' can't determine your system type, specify one as its argument, e.g., `./configure sun4' or `./configure decstation'. Make sure that your 'configure' line ends in 'gdb-VERSION/configure': /berman/migchain/source/gdb-VERSION/configure # RIGHT /berman/migchain/source/gdb-VERSION/gdb/configure # WRONG The GDB package contains several subdirectories, such as 'gdb', 'bfd', and 'readline'. If your 'configure' line ends in 'gdb-VERSION/gdb/configure', then you are configuring only the gdb subdirectory, not the whole GDB package. This leads to build errors such as: make: *** No rule to make target `../bfd/bfd.h', needed by `gdb.o'. Stop. If you get other compiler errors during this stage, see the `Reporting Bugs' section below; there are a few known problems. GDB requires an ISO C (ANSI C) compiler. If you do not have an ISO C compiler for your system, you may be able to download and install the GNU CC compiler. It is available via anonymous FTP from the directory `ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gcc'. GDB also requires an ISO C standard library. The GDB remote server, GDBserver, builds with some non-ISO standard libraries - e.g. for Windows CE. GDB uses Expat, an XML parsing library, to implement some target-specific features. Expat will be linked in if it is available at build time, or those features will be disabled. The latest version of Expat should be available from `http://expat.sourceforge.net'. GDB can be used as a cross-debugger, running on a machine of one type while debugging a program running on a machine of another type. See below. More Documentation ****************** All the documentation for GDB comes as part of the machine-readable distribution. The documentation is written in Texinfo format, which is a documentation system that uses a single source file to produce both on-line information and a printed manual. You can use one of the Info formatting commands to create the on-line version of the documentation and TeX (or `texi2roff') to typeset the printed version. GDB includes an already formatted copy of the on-line Info version of this manual in the `gdb/doc' subdirectory. The main Info file is `gdb-VERSION/gdb/doc/gdb.info', and it refers to subordinate files matching `gdb.info*' in the same directory. If necessary, you can print out these files, or read them with any editor; but they are easier to read using the `info' subsystem in GNU Emacs or the standalone `info' program, available as part of the GNU Texinfo distribution. If you want to format these Info files yourself, you need one of the Info formatting programs, such as `texinfo-format-buffer' or `makeinfo'. If you have `makeinfo' installed, and are in the top level GDB source directory (`gdb-VERSION'), you can make the Info file by typing: cd gdb/doc make info If you want to typeset and print copies of this manual, you need TeX, a program to print its DVI output files, and `texinfo.tex', the Texinfo definitions file. This file is included in the GDB distribution, in the directory `gdb-VERSION/texinfo'. TeX is a typesetting program; it does not print files directly, but produces output files called DVI files. To print a typeset document, you need a program to print DVI files. If your system has TeX installed, chances are it has such a program. The precise command to use depends on your system; `lpr -d' is common; another (for PostScript devices) is `dvips'. The DVI print command may require a file name without any extension or a `.dvi' extension. TeX also requires a macro definitions file called `texinfo.tex'. This file tells TeX how to typeset a document written in Texinfo format. On its own, TeX cannot read, much less typeset a Texinfo file. `texinfo.tex' is distributed with GDB and is located in the `gdb-VERSION/texinfo' directory. If you have TeX and a DVI printer program installed, you can typeset and print this manual. First switch to the `gdb' subdirectory of the main source directory (for example, to `gdb-VERSION/gdb') and then type: make doc/gdb.dvi If you prefer to have the manual in PDF format, type this from the `gdb/doc' subdirectory of the main source directory: make gdb.pdf For this to work, you will need the PDFTeX package to be installed. Installing GDB ************** GDB comes with a `configure' script that automates the process of preparing GDB for installation; you can then use `make' to build the `gdb' program. The GDB distribution includes all the source code you need for GDB in a single directory. That directory contains: `gdb-VERSION/{COPYING,COPYING.LIB}' Standard GNU license files. Please read them. `gdb-VERSION/bfd' source for the Binary File Descriptor library `gdb-VERSION/config*' script for configuring GDB, along with other support files `gdb-VERSION/gdb' the source specific to GDB itself `gdb-VERSION/include' GNU include files `gdb-VERSION/libiberty' source for the `-liberty' free software library `gdb-VERSION/opcodes' source for the library of opcode tables and disassemblers `gdb-VERSION/readline' source for the GNU command-line interface NOTE: The readline library is compiled for use by GDB, but will not be installed on your system when "make install" is issued. `gdb-VERSION/sim' source for some simulators (ARM, D10V, SPARC, M32R, MIPS, PPC, V850, etc) `gdb-VERSION/texinfo' The `texinfo.tex' file, which you need in order to make a printed manual using TeX. `gdb-VERSION/etc' Coding standards, useful files for editing GDB, and other miscellanea. Note: the following instructions are for building GDB on Unix or Unix-like systems. Instructions for building with DJGPP for MS-DOS/MS-Windows are in the file gdb/config/djgpp/README. The simplest way to configure and build GDB is to run `configure' from the `gdb-VERSION' directory. First switch to the `gdb-VERSION' source directory if you are not already in it; then run `configure'. For example: cd gdb-VERSION ./configure make Running `configure' followed by `make' builds the `bfd', `readline', `mmalloc', and `libiberty' libraries, then `gdb' itself. The configured source files, and the binaries, are left in the corresponding source directories. `configure' is a Bourne-shell (`/bin/sh') script; if your system does not recognize this automatically when you run a different shell, you may need to run `sh' on it explicitly: sh configure If you run `configure' from a directory that contains source directories for multiple libraries or programs, `configure' creates configuration files for every directory level underneath (unless you tell it not to, with the `--norecursion' option). You can install `gdb' anywhere; it has no hardwired paths. However, you should make sure that the shell on your path (named by the `SHELL' environment variable) is publicly readable. Remember that GDB uses the shell to start your program--some systems refuse to let GDB debug child processes whose programs are not readable. Compiling GDB in another directory ================================== If you want to run GDB versions for several host or target machines, you need a different `gdb' compiled for each combination of host and target. `configure' is designed to make this easy by allowing you to generate each configuration in a separate subdirectory, rather than in the source directory. If your `make' program handles the `VPATH' feature correctly (GNU `make' and SunOS 'make' are two that should), running `make' in each of these directories builds the `gdb' program specified there. To build `gdb' in a separate directory, run `configure' with the `--srcdir' option to specify where to find the source. (You also need to specify a path to find `configure' itself from your working directory. If the path to `configure' would be the same as the argument to `--srcdir', you can leave out the `--srcdir' option; it will be assumed.) For example, you can build GDB in a separate directory for a Sun 4 like this: cd gdb-VERSION mkdir ../gdb-sun4 cd ../gdb-sun4 ../gdb-VERSION/configure make When `configure' builds a configuration using a remote source directory, it creates a tree for the binaries with the same structure (and using the same names) as the tree under the source directory. In the example, you'd find the Sun 4 library `libiberty.a' in the directory `gdb-sun4/libiberty', and GDB itself in `gdb-sun4/gdb'. One popular reason to build several GDB configurations in separate directories is to configure GDB for cross-compiling (where GDB runs on one machine--the host--while debugging programs that run on another machine--the target). You specify a cross-debugging target by giving the `--target=TARGET' option to `configure'. When you run `make' to build a program or library, you must run it in a configured directory--whatever directory you were in when you called `configure' (or one of its subdirectories). The `Makefile' that `configure' generates in each source directory also runs recursively. If you type `make' in a source directory such as `gdb-VERSION' (or in a separate configured directory configured with `--srcdir=PATH/gdb-VERSION'), you will build all the required libraries, and then build GDB. When you have multiple hosts or targets configured in separate directories, you can run `make' on them in parallel (for example, if they are NFS-mounted on each of the hosts); they will not interfere with each other. Specifying names for hosts and targets ====================================== The specifications used for hosts and targets in the `configure' script are based on a three-part naming scheme, but some short predefined aliases are also supported. The full naming scheme encodes three pieces of information in the following pattern: ARCHITECTURE-VENDOR-OS For example, you can use the alias `sun4' as a HOST argument or in a `--target=TARGET' option. The equivalent full name is `sparc-sun-sunos4'. The `configure' script accompanying GDB does not provide any query facility to list all supported host and target names or aliases. `configure' calls the Bourne shell script `config.sub' to map abbreviations to full names; you can read the script, if you wish, or you can use it to test your guesses on abbreviations--for example: % sh config.sub sun4 sparc-sun-sunos4.1.1 % sh config.sub sun3 m68k-sun-sunos4.1.1 % sh config.sub decstation mips-dec-ultrix4.2 % sh config.sub hp300bsd m68k-hp-bsd % sh config.sub i386v i386-pc-sysv % sh config.sub i786v Invalid configuration `i786v': machine `i786v' not recognized `config.sub' is also distributed in the GDB source directory. `configure' options =================== Here is a summary of the `configure' options and arguments that are most often useful for building GDB. `configure' also has several other options not listed here. *note : (configure.info)What Configure Does, for a full explanation of `configure'. configure [--help] [--prefix=DIR] [--srcdir=PATH] [--norecursion] [--rm] [--enable-build-warnings] [--target=TARGET] [--host=HOST] [HOST] You may introduce options with a single `-' rather than `--' if you prefer; but you may abbreviate option names if you use `--'. `--help' Display a quick summary of how to invoke `configure'. `-prefix=DIR' Configure the source to install programs and files under directory `DIR'. `--srcdir=PATH' *Warning: using this option requires GNU `make', or another `make' that compatibly implements the `VPATH' feature.* Use this option to make configurations in directories separate from the GDB source directories. Among other things, you can use this to build (or maintain) several configurations simultaneously, in separate directories. `configure' writes configuration specific files in the current directory, but arranges for them to use the source in the directory PATH. `configure' will create directories under the working directory in parallel to the source directories below PATH. `--host=HOST' Configure GDB to run on the specified HOST. There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available hosts. `HOST ...' Same as `--host=HOST'. If you omit this, GDB will guess; it's quite accurate. `--norecursion' Configure only the directory level where `configure' is executed; do not propagate configuration to subdirectories. `--rm' Remove the configuration that the other arguments specify. `--enable-build-warnings' When building the GDB sources, ask the compiler to warn about any code which looks even vaguely suspicious. You should only using this feature if you're compiling with GNU CC. It passes the following flags: -Wimplicit -Wreturn-type -Wcomment -Wtrigraphs -Wformat -Wparentheses -Wpointer-arith `--enable-werror' Treat compiler warnings as werrors. Use this only with GCC. It adds the -Werror flag to the compiler, which will fail the compilation if the compiler outputs any warning messages. `--target=TARGET' Configure GDB for cross-debugging programs running on the specified TARGET. Without this option, GDB is configured to debug programs that run on the same machine (HOST) as GDB itself. There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available targets. `--with-gdb-datadir=PATH' Set the GDB-specific data directory. GDB will look here for certain supporting files or scripts. This defaults to the `gdb' subdirectory of `datadir' (which can be set using `--datadir'). `--with-relocated-sources=DIR' Sets up the default source path substitution rule so that directory names recorded in debug information will be automatically adjusted for any directory under DIR. DIR should be a subdirectory of GDB's configured prefix, the one mentioned in the `--prefix' or `--exec-prefix' options to configure. This option is useful if GDB is supposed to be moved to a different place after it is built. `--enable-64-bit-bfd' Enable 64-bit support in BFD on 32-bit hosts. `--disable-gdbmi' Build GDB without the GDB/MI machine interface. `--enable-tui' Build GDB with the text-mode full-screen user interface (TUI). Requires a curses library (ncurses and cursesX are also supported). `--enable-gdbtk' Build GDB with the gdbtk GUI interface. Requires TCL/Tk to be installed. `--with-libunwind-ia64' Use the libunwind library for unwinding function call stack on ia64 target platforms. See http://www.nongnu.org/libunwind/index.html for details. `--with-curses' Use the curses library instead of the termcap library, for text-mode terminal operations. `--enable-profiling' Enable profiling of GDB itself. Necessary if you want to use the "maint set profile" command for profiling GDB. Requires the functions `monstartup' and `_mcleanup' to be present in the standard C library used to build GDB, and also requires a compiler that supports the `-pg' option. `--with-system-readline' Use the readline library installed on the host, rather than the library supplied as part of GDB tarball. `--with-expat' Build GDB with the libexpat library. (Done by default if libexpat is installed and found at configure time.) This library is used to read XML files supplied with GDB. If it is unavailable, some features, such as remote protocol memory maps, target descriptions, and shared library lists, that are based on XML files, will not be available in GDB. If your host does not have libexpat installed, you can get the latest version from http://expat.sourceforge.net. `--with-python[=PATH]' Build GDB with Python scripting support. (Done by default if libpython is present and found at configure time.) Python makes GDB scripting much more powerful than the restricted CLI scripting language. If your host does not have Python installed, you can find it on http://www.python.org/download/. The oldest version of Python supported by GDB is 2.4. The optional argument PATH says where to find the Python headers and libraries; the configure script will look in PATH/include for headers and in PATH/lib for the libraries. `--without-included-regex' Don't use the regex library included with GDB (as part of the libiberty library). This is the default on hosts with version 2 of the GNU C library. `--with-sysroot=DIR' Use DIR as the default system root directory for libraries whose file names begin with `/lib' or `/usr/lib'. (The value of DIR can be modified at run time by using the "set sysroot" command.) If DIR is under the GDB configured prefix (set with `--prefix' or `--exec-prefix' options), the default system root will be automatically adjusted if and when GDB is moved to a different location. `--with-system-gdbinit=FILE' Configure GDB to automatically load a system-wide init file. FILE should be an absolute file name. If FILE is in a directory under the configured prefix, and GDB is moved to another location after being built, the location of the system-wide init file will be adjusted accordingly. `configure' accepts other options, for compatibility with configuring other GNU tools recursively; but these are the only options that affect GDB or its supporting libraries. Remote debugging ================= The files m68k-stub.c, i386-stub.c, and sparc-stub.c are examples of remote stubs to be used with remote.c. They are designed to run standalone on an m68k, i386, or SPARC cpu and communicate properly with the remote.c stub over a serial line. The directory gdb/gdbserver/ contains `gdbserver', a program that allows remote debugging for Unix applications. GDBserver is only supported for some native configurations, including Sun 3, Sun 4, and Linux. The file gdb/gdbserver/README includes further notes on GDBserver; in particular, it explains how to build GDBserver for cross-debugging (where GDBserver runs on the target machine, which is of a different architecture than the host machine running GDB). There are a number of remote interfaces for talking to existing ROM monitors and other hardware: remote-mips.c MIPS remote debugging protocol remote-sds.c PowerPC SDS monitor remote-sim.c Generalized simulator protocol Reporting Bugs in GDB ===================== There are several ways of reporting bugs in GDB. The prefered method is to use the World Wide Web: http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/ As an alternative, the bug report can be submitted, via e-mail, to the address "bug-gdb@gnu.org". When submitting a bug, please include the GDB version number, and how you configured it (e.g., "sun4" or "mach386 host, i586-intel-synopsys target"). Since GDB now supports so many different configurations, it is important that you be precise about this. If at all possible, you should include the actual banner that GDB prints when it starts up, or failing that, the actual configure command that you used when configuring GDB. For more information on how/whether to report bugs, see the Reporting Bugs chapter of the GDB manual (gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo). Graphical interface to GDB -- X Windows, MS Windows ========================== Several graphical interfaces to GDB are available. You should check: http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/links/ for an up-to-date list. Emacs users will very likely enjoy the Grand Unified Debugger mode; try typing `M-x gdb RET'. Writing Code for GDB ===================== There is a lot of information about writing code for GDB in the internals manual, distributed with GDB in gdb/doc/gdbint.texinfo. You can read it by hand, print it by using TeX and texinfo, or process it into an `info' file for use with Emacs' info mode or the standalone `info' program. If you are pondering writing anything but a short patch, especially take note of the information about copyrights in the node Submitting Patches. It can take quite a while to get all the paperwork done, so we encourage you to start that process as soon as you decide you are planning to work on something, or at least well ahead of when you think you will be ready to submit the patches. GDB Testsuite ============= Included with the GDB distribution is a DejaGNU based testsuite that can either be used to test your newly built GDB, or for regression testing a GDB with local modifications. Running the testsuite requires the prior installation of DejaGNU, which is generally available via ftp. The directory ftp://sources.redhat.com/pub/dejagnu/ will contain a recent snapshot. Once DejaGNU is installed, you can run the tests in one of the following ways: (1) cd gdb-VERSION make check-gdb or (2) cd gdb-VERSION/gdb make check or (3) cd gdb-VERSION/gdb/testsuite make site.exp (builds the site specific file) runtest -tool gdb GDB=../gdb (or GDB= as appropriate) When using a `make'-based method, you can use the Makefile variable `RUNTESTFLAGS' to pass flags to `runtest', e.g.: make RUNTESTFLAGS=--directory=gdb.cp check If you use GNU make, you can use its `-j' option to run the testsuite in parallel. This can greatly reduce the amount of time it takes for the testsuite to run. In this case, if you set `RUNTESTFLAGS' then, by default, the tests will be run serially even under `-j'. You can override this and force a parallel run by setting the `make' variable `FORCE_PARALLEL' to any non-empty value. Note that the parallel `make check' assumes that you want to run the entire testsuite, so it is not compatible with some dejagnu options, like `--directory'. The last method gives you slightly more control in case of problems with building one or more test executables or if you are using the testsuite `standalone', without it being part of the GDB source tree. See the DejaGNU documentation for further details. Copyright and License Notices ============================= Most files maintained by the GDB Project contain a copyright notice as well as a license notice, usually at the start of the file. To reduce the length of copyright notices, consecutive years in the copyright notice can be combined into a single range. For instance, the following list of copyright years... 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991-1993, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 ... is abbreviated into: 1986, 1988-1989, 1991-1993, 1999-2000, 2007-2011 Every year of each range, inclusive, is a copyrightable year that could be listed individually. (this is for editing this file with GNU emacs) Local Variables: mode: text End: ======================================================================== * gdb gdb/config/djgpp/README ======================================================================== How to build and install the DJGPP native version of GDB ******************************************************** General ======= GDB built with DJGPP supports native DJGPP debugging, whereby you run gdb.exe and the program being debugged on the same machine. In addition, this version supports remote debugging via a serial port, provided that the target machine has a GDB-compatible debugging stub which can be linked with the target program (see the section "Remote Serial" in the GDB manual for more details). Installation of the binary distribution ======================================= Simply unzip the gdbNNNb.zip file (where NNN is the version number) from the top DJGPP installation directory. Be sure to preserve the directory structure while you unzip (use -d switch if you do this with PKUNZIP). On Windows 9X and Windows 2000, use an unzip program which supports long file names; one such program is unzip32.exe, available from the DJGPP sites. If you need the libraries which are built as part of GDB, install the companion file gdbNNNa.zip. This allows to develop applications which use the same functions as GDB. For example, you can build your own front end to the debugger. Rebuilding GDB from sources =========================== 1. Prerequisites ------------- To build the package, you will need the DJGPP development environment (GCC, header files, and the libraries), and also DJGPP ports of the following tools: - GNU Make 3.79.1 or later - Bash 2.03 or later - GNU Sed - GNU Fileutils - GNU Textutils 2.0 or later - GNU Sh-utils - GNU Grep 2.4 or later - GNU Findutils - GNU Awk 3.04 or later - GNU Bison (only if you change one of the gdb/*.y files) - Groff (only if you need to format the man pages) - GNU Diffutils (only if you run the test suite) These programs should be available from the DJGPP sites, in the v2gnu directory. In addition, the configuration script invokes the `update' and `utod' utilities which are part of the basic DJGPP development kit (djdevNNN.zip). 2. Unpacking the sources --------------------- If you download the source distribution from one of the DJGPP sites, just unzip it while preserving the directory structure (I suggest to use unzip32.exe available with the rest of DJGPP), and proceed to the section "How to build", below. Source distributions downloaded from one of the GNU FTP sites need some more work to unpack. First, you MUST use the `djunpack' batch file to unzip the package. That's because some file names in the official distributions need to be changed to avoid problems on the various platforms supported by DJGPP. `djunpack' invokes the `djtar' program (that is part of the basic DJGPP development kit) to rename these files on the fly given a file with name mappings; the distribution includes a file `gdb/config/djgpp/fnchange.lst' with the necessary mappings. So you need first to retrieve that batch file, and then invoke it to unpack the distribution. Here's how: djtar -x -p -o gdb-5.2/djunpack.bat gdb-5.2.tar.gz > djunpack.bat djunpack gdb-5.2.tar.gz (The name of the distribution archive and the leading directory of the path to `djunpack.bat' in the distribution will be different for versions of GDB other than 5.2.) If the argument to `djunpack.bat' include leading directories, it MUST be given with the DOS-style backslashes; Unix-style forward slashes will NOT work. If the distribution comes as a .tar.bz2 archive, and your version of `djtar' doesn't support bzip2 decompression, you need to unpack it as follows: bunzip2 gdb-6.4.tar.bz2 djtar -x -p -o gdb-6.4/djunpack.bat gdb-6.4.tar > djunpack.bat djunpack gdb-6.4.tar 3. How to build ------------ If the source distribution available from DJGPP archives is already configured for DJGPP v2.x (if it is, you will find files named `Makefile' in each subdirectory), then just invoke Make: make To build a package that is not yet configured, or if you downloaded GDB from a GNU FTP site, you will need to configure it first. You will also need to configure it if you want to change the configuration options (e.g., compile without support for the GDBMI interface). To configure GDB, type this command: sh ./gdb/config/djgpp/djconfig.sh This script checks the unpacked distribution, then edits the configure scripts in the various subdirectories, to make them suitable for DJGPP, and finally invokes the top-level configure script, which recursively configures all the subdirectories. You may pass optional switches to djconfig.sh. It accepts all the switches accepted by the original GDB configure script. These switches are described in the file gdb/README, and their full list can be displayed by running the following command: sh ./gdb/configure --help NOTE: if you *do* use optional command-line switches, you MUST pass to the script the name of the directory where GDB sources are unpacked--even if you are building GDB in-place! For example: sh ./gdb/config/djgpp/djconfig.sh . --disable-gdbmi It is also possible to build GDB in a directory that is different from the one where the sources were unpacked. In that case, you have to pass the source directory as the first argument to the script: sh ./gdb/config/djgpp/djconfig.sh d:/gnu/gdb-6.4 You MUST use forward slashes in the first argument. After the configure script finishes, run Make: make If you want to produce the documentation (for example, if you changed some of the Texinfo sources), type this: make info When Make finishes, you can install the package: make install prefix='${DJDIR}' INSTALL='ginstall -c' The above doesn't install the docs; for that you will need to say this: make install-info prefix='${DJDIR}' INSTALL='ginstall -c' The test suite has been made to work with DJGPP. If you make a change in some of the programs, or want to be sure you have a fully functional GDB executable, it is a good idea to run the test suite. You cannot use "make check" for that, since it will want to run the `dejagnu' utility which DJGPP doesn't support. Instead, use the special script gdb/config/djgpp/djcheck.sh, like this: cd gdb/testsuite sh ../config/djgpp/djcheck.sh This will run for a while and should not print anything, except the messages "Running tests in DIR", where DIR is one of the subdirectories of the testsuite. Any test that fails to produce the expected output will cause the diffs between the expected and the actual output be printed, and in addition will leave behind a file SOMETHING.tst (where SOMETHING is the name of the failed test). You should compare each of the *.tst files with the corresponding *.out file and convince yourself that the differences do not indicate a real problem. Examples of differences you can disregard are changes in the copyright blurb printed by GDB, values of unitialized variables, addresses of global variables like argv[] and envp[] (which depend on the size of your environment), etc. Note that djcheck.sh only recurses into those of the subdirectories of the test suite which test features supported by the DJGPP port of GDB. For example, the tests in the gdb.gdbtk, gdb.threads, and gdb.hp directories are not run. Enjoy, Eli Zaretskii ======================================================================== * gdb sim/README-HACKING ======================================================================== This is a loose collection of notes for people hacking on simulators. If this document gets big enough it can be prettied up then. Contents - The "common" directory - Common Makefile Support - TAGS support - Generating "configure" files - tconfig.in - C Language Assumptions - "dump" commands under gdb The "common" directory ====================== The common directory contains: - common documentation files (e.g. run.1, and maybe in time .texi files) - common source files (e.g. run.c) - common Makefile fragment and configury (e.g. Make-common.in, aclocal.m4). In addition "common" contains portions of the system call support (e.g. callback.c, nltvals.def). Even though no files are built in this directory, it is still configured so support for regenerating nltvals.def is present. Common Makefile Support ======================= A common configuration framework is available for simulators that want to use it. The common framework exists to remove a lot of duplication in configure.in and Makefile.in, and it also provides a foundation for enhancing the simulators uniformly (e.g. the more they share in common the easier a feature added to one is added to all). The configure.in of a simulator using the common framework should look like: --- snip --- dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script. sinclude(../common/aclocal.m4) AC_PREREQ(2.5)dnl AC_INIT(Makefile.in) SIM_AC_COMMON ... target specific additions ... SIM_AC_OUTPUT --- snip --- SIM_AC_COMMON: - invokes the autoconf macros most often used by the simulators - defines --enable/--with options usable by all simulators - initializes sim_link_files/sim_link_links as the set of symbolic links to set up SIM_AC_OUTPUT: - creates the symbolic links defined in sim_link_{files,links} - creates config.h - creates the Makefile The Makefile.in of a simulator using the common framework should look like: --- snip --- # Makefile for blah ... # Copyright blah ... ## COMMON_PRE_CONFIG_FRAG # These variables are given default values in COMMON_PRE_CONFIG_FRAG. # We override the ones we need to here. # Not all of these need to be mentioned, only the necessary ones. # In fact it is better to *not* mention ones if the value is the default. # List of object files, less common parts. SIM_OBJS = # List of extra dependencies. # Generally this consists of simulator specific files included by sim-main.h. SIM_EXTRA_DEPS = # List of flags to always pass to $(CC). SIM_EXTRA_CFLAGS = # List of extra libraries to link with. SIM_EXTRA_LIBS = # List of extra program dependencies. SIM_EXTRA_LIBDEPS = # List of main object files for `run'. SIM_RUN_OBJS = run.o # Dependency of `all' to build any extra files. SIM_EXTRA_ALL = # Dependency of `install' to install any extra files. SIM_EXTRA_INSTALL = # Dependency of `clean' to clean any extra files. SIM_EXTRA_CLEAN = ## COMMON_POST_CONFIG_FRAG # Rules need to build $(SIM_OBJS), plus whatever else the target wants. ... target specific rules ... --- snip --- COMMON_{PRE,POST}_CONFIG_FRAG are markers for SIM_AC_OUTPUT to tell it where to insert the two pieces of common/Make-common.in. The resulting Makefile is created by doing autoconf substitions on both the target's Makefile.in and Make-common.in, and inserting the two pieces of Make-common.in into the target's Makefile.in at COMMON_{PRE,POST}_CONFIG_FRAG. Note that SIM_EXTRA_{INSTALL,CLEAN} could be removed and "::" targets could be used instead. However, it's not clear yet whether "::" targets are portable enough. TAGS support ============ Many files generate program symbols at compile time. Such symbols can't be found with grep nor do they normally appear in the TAGS file. To get around this, source files can add the comment /* TAGS: foo1 foo2 */ where foo1, foo2 are program symbols. Symbols found in such comments are greppable and appear in the TAGS file. Generating "configure" files ============================ For targets using the common framework, "configure" can be generated by running `autoconf'. To regenerate the configure files for all targets using the common framework: $ cd devo/sim $ make -f Makefile.in SHELL=/bin/sh autoconf-common To add a change-log entry to the ChangeLog file for each updated directory (WARNING - check the modified new-ChangeLog files before renaming): $ make -f Makefile.in SHELL=/bin/sh autoconf-changelog $ more */new-ChangeLog $ make -f Makefile.in SHELL=/bin/sh autoconf-install In a similar vein, both the configure and config.in files can be updated using the sequence: $ cd devo/sim $ make -f Makefile.in SHELL=/bin/sh autoheader-common $ make -f Makefile.in SHELL=/bin/sh autoheader-changelog $ more */new-ChangeLog $ make -f Makefile.in SHELL=/bin/sh autoheader-install To add the entries to an alternative ChangeLog file, use: $ make ChangeLog=MyChangeLog .... tconfig.in ========== File tconfig.in defines one or more target configuration macros (e.g. a tm.h file). There are very few that need defining. For a list of all of them, see common/tconfig.in. It contains them all, commented out. The intent is that a new port can just copy this file and define the ones it needs. C Language Assumptions ====================== The programmer may assume that the simulator is being built using an ANSI C compiler that supports a 64 bit data type. Consequently: o prototypes can be used (although using PARAMS() and K&R declarations wouldn't go astray). o If sim-types.h is included, the two types signed64 and unsigned64 are available. o The type `unsigned' is valid. However, the user should be aware of the following: o GCC's `LL' is NOT acceptable. Microsoft-C doesn't reconize it. o MSC's `i64' is NOT acceptable. GCC doesn't reconize it. o GCC's `long long' MSC's `_int64' can NOT be used to define 64 bit integer data types. o An empty array (eg int a[0]) is not valid. When building with GCC it is effectivly a requirement that --enable-build-warnings=,-Werror be specified during configuration. "dump" commands under gdb ========================= gdbinit.in contains the following define dump set sim_debug_dump () end Simulators that define the sim_debug_dump function can then have their internal state pretty printed from gdb. FIXME: This can obviously be made more elaborate. As needed it will be. Rebuilding nltvals.def ====================== Checkout a copy of the SIM and LIBGLOSS modules (Unless you've already got one to hand): $ mkdir /tmp/$$ $ cd /tmp/$$ $ cvs checkout sim-no-testsuite libgloss-no-testsuite newlib-no-testsuite Configure things for an arbitrary simulator target (I've d10v for convenience): $ mkdir /tmp/$$/build $ cd /tmp/$$/build $ /tmp/$$/devo/configure --target=d10v-elf In the sim/common directory rebuild the headers: $ cd sim/common $ make headers To add a new target: devo/sim/common/gennltvals.sh Add your new processor target (you'll need to grub around to find where your syscall.h lives). devo/sim//Makefile.in Add the definition: ``NL_TARGET = -DNL_TARGET_d10v'' just before the line COMMON_POST_CONFIG_FRAG. devo/sim//*.[ch] Include targ-vals.h instead of syscall.h. Tracing ======= For ports based on CGEN, tracing instrumentation should largely be for free, so we will cover the basic non-CGEN setup here. The assumption is that your target is using the common autoconf macros and so the build system already includes the sim-trace configure flag. The full tracing API is covered in sim-trace.h, so this section is an overview. Before calling any trace function, you should make a call to the trace_prefix() function. This is usually done in the main sim_engine_run() loop before simulating the next instruction. You should make this call before every simulated insn. You can probably copy & paste this: if (TRACE_ANY_P (cpu)) trace_prefix (sd, cpu, NULL_CIA, oldpc, TRACE_LINENUM_P (cpu), NULL, 0, ""); You will then need to instrument your simulator code with calls to the trace_generic() function with the appropriate trace index. Typically, this will take a form similar to the above snippet. So to trace instructions, you would use something like: if (TRACE_INSN_P (cpu)) trace_generic (sd, cpu, TRACE_INSN_IDX, "NOP;"); The exact output format is up to you. See the trace index enum in sim-trace.h to see the different tracing info available. To utilize the tracing features at runtime, simply use the --trace-xxx flags. run --trace-insn ./some-program Profiling ========= Similar to the tracing section, this is merely an overview for non-CGEN based ports. The full API may be found in sim-profile.h. Its API is also similar to the tracing API. Note that unlike the tracing command line options, in addition to the profile flags, you have to use the --verbose option to view the summary report after execution. Tracing output is displayed on the fly, but the profile output is only summarized. To profile core accesses (such as data reads/writes and insn fetches), add calls to PROFILE_COUNT_CORE() to your read/write functions. So in your data fetch function, you'd use something like: PROFILE_COUNT_CORE (cpu, target_addr, size_in_bytes, map_read); Then in your data write function: PROFILE_COUNT_CORE (cpu, target_addr, size_in_bytes, map_write); And in your insn fetcher: PROFILE_COUNT_CORE (cpu, target_addr, size_in_bytes, map_exec); To use the PC profiling code, you simply have to tell the system where to find your simulator's PC and its size. So in your sim_open() function: STATE_WATCHPOINTS (sd)->pc = address_of_cpu0_pc; STATE_WATCHPOINTS (sd)->sizeof_pc = number_of_bytes_for_pc_storage; In a typical 32bit system, the sizeof_pc will be 4 bytes. To profile branches, in every location where a branch insn is executed, call one of the related helpers: PROFILE_BRANCH_TAKEN (cpu); PROFILE_BRANCH_UNTAKEN (cpu); If you have stall information, you can utilize the other helpers too. Environment Simulation ====================== The simplest simulator doesn't include environment support -- it merely simulates the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA). Once you're ready to move on to the next level, call the common macro in your configure.ac: SIM_AC_OPTION_ENVIRONMENT This will support for the user, virtual, and operating environments. See the sim-config.h header for a more detailed description of them. The former are pretty straight forward as things like exceptions (making system calls) are handled in the simulator. Which is to say, an exception does not trigger an exception handler in the simulator target -- that is what the operating env is about. See the following userspace section for more information. Userspace System Calls ====================== By default, the libgloss userspace is simulated. That means the system call numbers and calling convention matches that of libgloss. Simulating other userspaces (such as Linux) is pretty straightforward, but let's first focus on the basics. The basic API is covered in include/gdb/callback.h. When an instruction is simulated that invokes the system call method (such as forcing a hardware trap or exception), your simulator code should set up the CB_SYSCALL data structure before calling the common cb_syscall() function. For example: static int syscall_read_mem (host_callback *cb, struct cb_syscall *sc, unsigned long taddr, char *buf, int bytes) { SIM_DESC sd = (SIM_DESC) sc->p1; SIM_CPU *cpu = (SIM_CPU *) sc->p2; return sim_core_read_buffer (sd, cpu, read_map, buf, taddr, bytes); } static int syscall_write_mem (host_callback *cb, struct cb_syscall *sc, unsigned long taddr, const char *buf, int bytes) { SIM_DESC sd = (SIM_DESC) sc->p1; SIM_CPU *cpu = (SIM_CPU *) sc->p2; return sim_core_write_buffer (sd, cpu, write_map, buf, taddr, bytes); } void target_sim_syscall (SIM_CPU *cpu) { SIM_DESC sd = CPU_STATE (cpu); host_callback *cb = STATE_CALLBACK (sd); CB_SYSCALL sc; CB_SYSCALL_INIT (&sc); sc.func = ; sc.arg1 = ; sc.arg2 = ; sc.arg3 = ; sc.arg4 = ; sc.p1 = (PTR) sd; sc.p2 = (PTR) cpu; sc.read_mem = syscall_read_mem; sc.write_mem = syscall_write_mem; cb_syscall (cb, &sc); ; ; } Some targets store the result and error code in different places, while others only store the error code when the result is an error. Keep in mind that the CB_SYS_xxx defines are normalized values with no real meaning with respect to the target. They provide a unique map on the host so that it can parse things sanely. For libgloss, the common/nltvals.def file creates the target's system call numbers to the CB_SYS_xxx values. To simulate other userspace targets, you really only need to update the maps pointers that are part of the callback interface. So create CB_TARGET_DEFS_MAP arrays for each set (system calls, errnos, open bits, etc...) and in a place you find useful, do something like: ... static CB_TARGET_DEFS_MAP cb_linux_syscall_map[] = { # define TARGET_LINUX_SYS_open 5 { CB_SYS_open, TARGET_LINUX_SYS_open }, ... { -1, -1 }, }; ... host_callback *cb = STATE_CALLBACK (sd); cb->syscall_map = cb_linux_syscall_map; cb->errno_map = cb_linux_errno_map; cb->open_map = cb_linux_open_map; cb->signal_map = cb_linux_signal_map; cb->stat_map = cb_linux_stat_map; ... Each of these cb_linux_*_map's are manually declared by the arch target. The target_sim_syscall() example above will then work unchanged (ignoring the system call convention) because all of the callback functions go through these mapping arrays. Events ====== Events are scheduled and executed on behalf of either a cpu or hardware devices. The API is pretty much the same and can be found in common/sim-events.h and common/hw-events.h. For simulator targets, you really just have to worry about the schedule and deschedule functions. Device Trees ============ The device tree model is based on the OpenBoot specification. Since this is largely inherited from the psim code, consult the existing psim documentation for some in-depth details. http://sourceware.org/psim/manual/ Hardware Devices ================ The simplest simulator doesn't include hardware device support. Once you're ready to move on to the next level, call the common macro in your configure.ac: SIM_AC_OPTION_HARDWARE(yes,,devone devtwo devthree) The basic hardware API is documented in common/hw-device.h. Each device has to have a matching file name with a "dv-" prefix. So there has to be a dv-devone.c, dv-devtwo.c, and dv-devthree.c files. Further, each file has to have a matching hw_descriptor structure. So the dv-devone.c file has to have something like: const struct hw_descriptor dv_devone_descriptor[] = { {"devone", devone_finish,}, {NULL, NULL}, }; The "devone" string as well as the "devone_finish" function are not hard requirements, just common conventions. The structure name is a hard requirement. The devone_finish() callback function is used to instantiate this device by parsing the corresponding properties in the device tree. Hardware devices typically attach address ranges to themselves. Then when accesses to those addresses are made, the hardware will have its callback invoked. The exact callback could be a normal I/O read/write access, as well as a DMA access. This makes it easy to simulate memory mapped registers. Keep in mind that like a proper device driver, it may be instantiated many times over. So any device state it needs to be maintained should be allocated during the finish callback and attached to the hardware device via set_hw_data. Any hardware functions can access this private data via the hw_data function. Ports (Interrupts / IRQs) ========================= First, a note on terminology. A "port" is an aspect of a hardware device that accepts or generates interrupts. So devices with input ports may be the target of an interrupt (accept it), and/or they have output ports so that they may be the source of an interrupt (generate it). Each port has a symbolic name and a unique number. These are used to identify the port in different contexts. The output port name has no hard relationship to the input port name (same for the unique number). The callback that accepts the interrupt uses the name/id of its input port, while the generator function uses the name/id of its output port. The device tree is used to connect the output port of a device to the input port of another device. There are no limits on the number of inputs connected to an output, or outputs to an input, or the devices attached to the ports. In other words, the input port and output port could be the same device. The basics are: - each hardware device declares an array of ports (hw_port_descriptor). any mix of input and output ports is allowed. - when setting up the device, attach the array (set_hw_ports). - if the device accepts interrupts, it will have to attach a port callback function (set_hw_port_event) - connect ports with the device tree - handle incoming interrupts with the callback - generate outgoing interrupts with hw_port_event ======================================================================== * gdb sim/ppc/README ======================================================================== PSIM 1.0.1 - Model of the PowerPC Environments Copyright (C) 1994-1996, Andrew Cagney . This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, see . ---------------------------------------------------------------------- PSIM is a program written in extended ANSI-C that implements an instruction level simulation of the PowerPC environment. It is freely available in source code form under the terms of the GNU General Public License (version 3 or later). The PowerPC Architecture is described as having three levels of compliance: UEA - User Environment Architecture VEA - Virtual Environment Architecture OEA - Operating Environment Architecture PSIM both implements all three levels of the PowerPC and includes (for each level) a corresponding simulated run-time environment. In addition, PSIM, to the execution unit level, models the performance of most of the current PowerPC implementations (contributed by Michael Meissner). This detailed performance monitoring (unlike many other simulators) resulting in only a relatively marginal reduction in the simulators performance. A description of how to build PSIM is contained in the file: ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/INSTALL or ftp://cambridge.cygnus.com/pub/psim/INSTALL while an overview of how to use PSIM is in: ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/RUN or ftp://cambridge.cygnus.com/pub/psim/RUN This file is found in: ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/README or ftp://cambridge.cygnus.com/pub/psim/README Thanks goes firstly to: Corinthian Engineering Pty Ltd Cygnus Support Highland Logic Pty Ltd who provided the resources needed for making this software available on the Internet. More importantly I'd like to thank the following individuals who each contributed in their own unique way: Allen Briggs, Bett Koch, David Edelsohn, Gordon Irlam, Michael Meissner, Bob Mercier, Richard Perini, Dale Rahn, Richard Stallman, Mitchele Walker Andrew Cagney Feb, 1995 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- What features does PSIM include? Monitoring and modeling PSIM includes (thanks to Michael Meissner) a detailed model of most of the PowerPC implementations to the functional unit level. SMP The PowerPC ISA defines SMP synchronizing instructions. This simulator implements a limited, but functional, subset of the PowerPC synchronization instructions behaviour. Programs that restrict their synchronization primitives to those that work with this functional sub-set (eg P() and V()) are able to run on the SMP version of PSIM. People intending to use this system should study the code implementing the lwarx instruction. ENDIAN SUPPORT PSIM implements the PowerPC's big and little (xor endian) modes and correctly simulates code that switches between these two modes. In addition, psim can model a true little-endian machine. ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) models PSIM includes a model of the UEA, VEA and OEA. This includes the time base registers (VEA) and HTAB and BATS (OEA). In addition, a preliminary model of the 64 bit PowerPC architecture is implemented. IO Hardware PSIM's internals are based around the concept of a Device Tree. This tree intentionally resembles that of the Device Tree found in OpenBoot firmware. PSIM is flexible enough to allow the user to fully configure this device tree (and consequently the hardware model) at run time. Run-time environments: PSIM's UEA model includes emulation for BSD based UNIX system calls. PSIM's OEA model includes emulation of either: o OpenBoot client interface o MOTO's BUG interface. Floating point Preliminary support for floating point is included. Who would be interested in PSIM? o the curious Using psim, gdb, gcc and binutils the curious user can construct an environment that allows them to play with PowerPC Environment without the need for real hardware. o the analyst PSIM includes many (contributed) monitoring features which (unlike many other simulators) do not come with a great penalty in performance. Thus the performance analyst is able to use this simulator to analyse the performance of the system under test. If PSIM doesn't monitor a components of interest, the source code is freely available, and hence there is no hinderance to changing things to meet a specific analysts needs. o the serious SW developer PSIM models all three levels of the PowerPC Architecture: UEA, VEA and OEA. Further, the internal design is such that PSIM can be extended to support additional requirements. What performance analysis measurements can PSIM perform? Below is the output from a recent analysis run (contributed by Michael Meissner): For the following program: long simple_rand () { static unsigned long seed = 47114711; unsigned long this = seed * 1103515245 + 12345; seed = this; /* cut-cut-cut - see the file RUN.psim */ } Here is the current output generated with the -I switch on a P90 (the compiler used is the development version of GCC with a new scheduler replacing the old one): CPU #1 executed 41,994 AND instructions. CPU #1 executed 519,785 AND Immediate instructions. . . . CPU #1 executed 1 System Call instruction. CPU #1 executed 207,746 XOR instructions. CPU #1 executed 23,740,856 cycles. CPU #1 executed 10,242,780 stalls waiting for data. CPU #1 executed 1 stall waiting for a function unit. . . . CPU #1 executed 3,136,229 branch functional unit instructions. CPU #1 executed 16,949,396 instructions that were accounted for in timing info. CPU #1 executed 871,920 data reads. CPU #1 executed 971,926 data writes. CPU #1 executed 221 icache misses. CPU #1 executed 16,949,396 instructions in total. Simulator speed was 250,731 instructions/second What motivated PSIM? As an idea, psim was first discussed seriously during mid 1994. At that time its main objectives were: o good performance Many simulators loose out by only providing a binary interface to the internals. This interface eventually becomes a bottle neck in the simulators performance. It was intended that PSIM would avoid this problem by giving the user access to the full source code. Further, by exploiting the power of modern compilers it was hoped that PSIM would achieve good performance with out having to compromise its internal design. o practical portability Rather than try to be portable to every C compiler on every platform, it was decided that PSIM would restrict its self to supporting ANSI compilers that included the extension of a long long type. GCC is one such compiler, consequently PSIM should be portable to any machine running GCC. o flexibility in its design PSIM should allow the user to select the features required and customise the build accordingly. By having the source code, the compiler is able to eliminate any un used features of the simulator. After all, let the compiler do the work. o SMP A model that allowed the simulation of SMP platforms with out the large overhead often encountered with such models. PSIM achieves each of these objectives. Is PSIM PowerPC Platform (PPCP) (nee CHRP) Compliant? No. Among other things it does not have an Apple ROM socket. Could PSIM be extended so that it models a CHRP machine? Yes. PSIM has been designed with the CHRP spec in mind. To model a CHRP desktop the following would need to be added: o An apple ROM socket :-) o Model of each of the desktop IO devices o An OpenPIC device. o RTAS (Run Time Abstraction Services). o A fully populated device tree. Is the source code available? Yes. The source code to PSIM is available under the terms of the GNU Public Licence. This allows you to distribute the source code for free but with certain conditions. See the file: ftp://archie.au/gnu/COPYING For details of the terms and conditions. Where do I send bugs or report problems? There is a mailing list (subscribe through majordomo@ci.com.au) at: powerpc-psim@ci.com.au If I get the ftp archive updated I post a note to that mailing list. In addition your welcome to send bugs or problems either to me or to that e-mail list. This list currently averages zero articles a day. Does PSIM have any limitations or problems? PSIM can't run rs6000/AIX binaries - At present PSIM can only simulate static executables. Since an AIX executable is never static, PSIM is unable to simulate its execution. PSIM is still under development - consequently there are going to be bugs. See the file BUGS (included in the distribution) for any other outstanding issues. ======================================================================== * gdb COPYING, include/COPYING ======================================================================== GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too. When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights. We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software. Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations. Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License. c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.) These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program. In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License. 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable. If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it. 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License. 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice. This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License. 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. Copyright (C) This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. , 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License. ======================================================================== * gdb COPYING.LIB ======================================================================== GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. [This is the first released version of the library GPL. It is numbered 2 because it goes with version 2 of the ordinary GPL.] Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This license, the Library General Public License, applies to some specially designated Free Software Foundation software, and to any other libraries whose authors decide to use it. You can use it for your libraries, too. When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the library, or if you modify it. 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If the library is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original version, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations. Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that companies distributing free software will individually obtain patent licenses, thus in effect transforming the program into proprietary software. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the ordinary GNU General Public License, which was designed for utility programs. This license, the GNU Library General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries. 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IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the ordinary General Public License). To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. Copyright (C) This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker. , 1 April 1990 Ty Coon, President of Vice That's all there is to it! ======================================================================== * gdb COPYING3, bfd/COPYING, gdb/COPYING, include/COPYING3, readline/COPYING, sim/arm/COPYING, sim/ppc/COPYING ======================================================================== GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 3, 29 June 2007 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works. The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such. 14. Revised Versions of this License. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program. Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version. 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. 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IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. Copyright (C) This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see . Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Copyright (C) This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see . The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read . ======================================================================== * gdb COPYING3.LIB ======================================================================== GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 3, 29 June 2007 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below. 0. Additional Definitions. As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License. "The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License, other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below. An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library. Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode of using an interface provided by the Library. A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an Application with the Library. The particular version of the Library with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked Version". The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version. 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If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified version: a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to ensure that, in the event an Application does not supply the function or data, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful, or b) under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of this License applicable to that copy. 3. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files. The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from a header file that is part of the Library. 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